摘 要

人类一直在受一种“潜力量”支配着平时的生活起居，但是到现在都无法探索出该“潜力量”，于是人类就开始研究，希望能更好的解释该“潜力量”，而研究的“潜力量”被称为“生物钟”。能够在生命体内控制时间、空间发生发展的质和量叫生物钟。地球上的所有动物都有一种叫“生物钟”的生理机制，也就是从白天到夜晚的一个24小时循环节律，比如一个光-暗的周期，与地球自转一次吻合。生物钟是受大脑的下丘脑视交叉上核（简称SCN）控制的，和所有的哺乳动物一样，人类大脑中SCN所在的那片区域也正处在口腔上腭上方，我们有昼夜节律的睡眠，清醒和饮食行为都归因于生物钟作用，其工作节奏是不受周围环境影响的，认为其周期振荡节奏是内生的或在不同器官内独立进行。生物钟的存在有极重要的生物学意义，它能使生物与周期性的环境变化相适应，特别是一些对生存和繁殖关系重大的，如迁徙、觅食、交配、生育等，以至作出提前安排。如糖皮质激素在清晨起床前就已升高，为白天活动作好预先的准备。然而生物的这种适应性也是有限度的，生理周期只能在一定范围内追随外界的周期性，当偏差太大，外环境变化造成刺激过强过弱，以致使生理振荡变为越轨的自由运转，从而干扰了时钟的正常运转，造成个体不同器官内部节奏位置的紊乱，破坏有序的合作，会引起某些疾病。

　 松果体是人体的“生物钟”的调控中心。由于褪黑激素的分泌受光照和黑暗的调节，因此，昼夜周期中光照与黑暗的周期性交替就会引起褪黑激素的分泌量相应地出现昼夜周期性变化。实验证实，褪黑激素在血浆中的浓度白昼降低，夜晚升高。松果体通过褪黑激素的这种昼夜分泌周期，向中枢神经系统发放“时间信号”，转而引发若干与时间或年龄有关的“生物钟”现象。如人类的睡眠与觉醒、月经周期中的排卵以及青春期的到来。新近发现，人体的智力“生物钟”以33为周期进行运转，情绪“生物钟”为28天，体力“生物钟”为23天。这三大生物钟的调拨也是由松果体来执行的。

生物钟对优生起着一定的作用，除了以上的内容说明外，如果一个妈妈在怀孕前和怀孕中都有一个良好的作息习惯，以后生的孩子也相应的会与妈妈一样有个很好的习惯，那么出现该睡时不睡，不该睡时又睡了的情况就不出轻易出现，不但对孩子的发育有利，对于妈妈来说，照顾这样的孩子也有利于自己的身体恢复。

关键词： 生物钟 BMAL1基因 生物钟作用

Abstract

Human beings have been under a "potential quantity" over the usual life daily life, but now can explore the "potential quantity", so the humans began to study, the hope can better explain the "potential quantity", the "potential quantity" is called "biological clock". In the life the body can control time, space, occurrence and development of quality and quantity that biological clock. All of earth all animals have a kind of call "biological clock" physiological mechanism, that is, from day to night a 24 hour circular rhythms, such as a light-dark cycle, and the earth rotates once a match. Biological clock is affected by the brain's head issueing grave suprachiasmatic nucleus (hereinafter referred to as the SCN) control, and all of the mammals, the human brain in the SCN in that area also is in oral roof above, we have the circadian rhythms of sleep, awake and eating behavior are attributed to biological function, its working rhythm is not subject to the surrounding environment influence, think its the oscillations rhythm is the endogenous or in different organs independent within. The existence of the biological clock is very important biological significance, it can make a creature and periodically adapt to changing environment, especially some of the surviving and reproducing momentous, such as migration, foraging, mating, birth and so on, and make arrangements in advance. Such as sugar cortical hormone get up early in the morning before it has increased, for day activities make ready to advance. However the adaptability creatures there is a limit, physiological cycles can only within a certain range follow outside periodic, when deviation is too big, the environment caused by changes too strong a stimulating weak, as to make the physiological oscillation into the freedom of the line operation, which interfere with the normal operation of the clock, cause individual different internal organs of the position rhythm disorder, damage and orderly cooperation, can cause disease.

The pineal gland is a human body of "biological clock" control center. Because melatonin secretion of the light and the dark of the regulation by, therefore, night and day, light and dark in the period of alternating cyclical would cause the melatonin secretion occur periodic changes day and night. The experiment proves, melatonin in plasma concentrations of the day is reduced, the night is increased. The pineal gland through the melatonin secretion of the day and night cycle, central nervous system to issue "time signal" to cause some time and/or age related "biological clock" phenomenon. As the human sleep and wake up, menstrual cycles of ovulation and the onset of puberty. The newly discovered, the human body intelligence "biological clock" to 33 for cycle operation, and emotional "biological clock" for 28 days, physical strength "biological clock" for 23 days. The three big on the biological clock is carried out by the pineal gland.

Biological clock to the eugenics plays a role in addition to the above content that the, if a mother before becoming pregnant in pregnancy and there is a good habit, children born after also corresponding with the mother has a very good habit, so there should sleep sleep when, shouldn't sleep sleep again when the situation is not a appear easily, not only to the child's development advantage, to mother for, take care of these children but also to the body of his recovery.

Keyword: biological clock biological clock The circadian clock function

目 录